Scribepost: April 23

So, on Friday we learned about the Thyroid Glands and talked about the Adrenal Glands.

-TSH is produced in response to hypothalamic releasing factor
>increase metabolic rate
>Stimulate all body cells
>More glucose is utilized to form ATP
>Necessary for normal growth and nervous system function

-Thyroid requires iodine to produce these hormones
>Iodine deficiency causes simple goiter

-Then we learned about the 3 different disorders that were related to the thyroid.
1. Cretinism

Abnormal thyroid development

-Short, stocky body type
-Severe hypothyroidism
-Mental retardation
-Treatment must begin in first 8 weeks of life

On the left is the scull of a person who was a cretin and on the right is the scull of a regular person.

(http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/10/photogalleries/homo_floresiensis_1/images/primary/flores_sapiens.jpg)



2. Myxedema

Hypothyroidism in adults

-lethargy
-weight gain
-loss of hair

On the left is what this man would look like with mxyedema and on the right is what the man would look like with average thyroid production.

(http://legacy.revoptom.com/handbook/images/62a.jpg)



3. Grave's Disease

Hyperthyroidism

-Exophthalmic goiter
-Edema behind eyes causes bulging
-Hyperactivity
-Arrythmias



(http://legacy.revoptom.com/handbook/images/62a.jpg)

Also this link is kind of cool and kind of gross if you guys want to check it out. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V4zh4jdd-m0

But anyways, linking this to real life. I was watching house on Monday, so yesterday night. They were talking about some kind of a disease that had to do with the adrenal glands, they went on to do a CAT scan, where they needed to look closely at the medulla oblongata. It was pretty cool that we actually learned about that stuff, and I sort of knew what they were talking about.

The power point is on the internet now, if you guys haven't downloaded it yet the link is http://www.mikemacaraeg.ca/09-10/Biology_11_Downloads.html.

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ScribePost: April 22 (20.1 &20.2) Endocrine system

Today in class we got an information overload, so here is a little review:

20.1 Endocrine Glands:

• Play very important role in homeostatis
• Produce hormones: These hormones are secrete directly into tissue fluid, then diffused into our blood stream

There are 2 control mechanisms to release hormones:

1. Negative feedback
2. Control by the presence of an atagonistic hormone *more important out of two*

Here are 2 videos that talk about the Endocrine System

1. http://kidshealth.org/kid/htbw/ESmovie.html (Funny)
2. http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/5352-organ-systems-the-endocrine-system-video.htm

20.2 Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland

Hypothalamus: Important homeostatic control center, it regulates water balence, hunger, body temperatur, hunger, and satiety. It also controls the Pituitary Gland

Pituitary Gland: Composed of 2 bodies

1. Anterior Pituitary- Secreates at least 6 different hormones- 3 out of 6 hormones have a target effect on other glands they are: TSH, ACTH, Gonadotrophic The other 3 do not have an effect on other glands they are: MSH, Growth hormone, and Prolactin
2. Posterior Pituitary- Stores ADH and Oxytocin, which are produced in hypothalamus

I hope this will help you in your 10 minute review tonight!

PS: The information in pink is important!!!!

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Pros/ Cons ans what i suggest

Acupuncture
Acupuncture is an old Chinese means of healing that has be used for thousands of years. Studies are always being done to prove the pros and cons of acupuncture. A pro for acupuncture is that no medication needs to be taken. This is good for people who do not want to constantly be popping pills. Also there are low risks of very harmful side effects. Also acupuncture is cost efficient. Instead of keeping up with constant prescription medications. It is also said to connect your mind, body , and spirit. Acupuncture can heal, nausea, and pain from arthritis. There are also some cons to acupuncture. If the needles are not sterilized infection can be caused. Also the person must be trained in acupuncture. Acupuncture may cause bruising and light bleeding. Also, those who blood diseases should maybe consider another treatment. Acupuncture does not cure arthritis but eases the pain temporarily.
I would prescribe acupuncture for certain people because it is a drug free, cost friendly , and effective way to temporarily relieve pain. It is a scary concept but it united your inner ying and yang. Acupuncture is not for everyone such as, those with heart disease however, it can help a variety of different pains. Acupuncture also relieves stress, and helps joint mobility. I know a couple of people who have gotten acupuncture and they said it was a bit scary at first but really helped them. My dad also suggests it quite a bit because he has gotten positive results from his patients from it. This concludes my opinion that acupuncture is a sufficient way to relieve pain temporarily.

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BONUS Blog: Acupuncture Case Study (3 points)

Since we are covering special senses right now, this post will deal with a case study that pertains to the sense of touch and cutaneous sense receptors.

You will be required to read the following Case Study, "A Need for Needles: Acupuncture - Does It Really Work?" by Sarah G. Stonefoot and Clyde Freeman Herreid. At the end of the document, you will find your task.

To receive the bonus blog points, you will need to put together an original comparison (2 points), as well as a follow-up conclusion/decision that describes your own opinion that is based upon your findings (1 point). Recommended length: 1 to 1.5 pages.

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ScribePost: April 7 (18.3 Sense of Taste and Smell)

Hi girls,

So we started class today reviewing the homework from last night.

Somatic sensors can be categorized into three types:

1. Proprioceptors - are involved in reflex actions that maintain muscle tone
2. Cutaneous - the skin is composed of 2 layers: the epidermis and the dermis. The epidermis is stratified squamous epithelium, and the dermis is a thick connective tissue layer. The dermis contains cutaneous receptors, which make the skin sensitive to touch, pressure, pain and temperature. The two different types of cutaneous receptors that are sensitive to pressure are Pacinian corpuscles and Ruffini endings.
3. Pain Receptors - the skin and many internal organs and tissues have pain receptors. Sometimes stimulation of internal pain receptors is felt as pain from the skin, and the internal organs, which is called referred pain.

We then moved onto learning about the sense of taste and smell (18.3)

Sense of Taste and Smell

• Taste cells and olfactory cells (smell) are both chemoreceptors

Sense of Taste

• The sensory receptors in your mouth are called taste buds
• There are approximately 10 000 taste buds on a human tongue
• Each papillae (the small elevations on the tongue) has many taste buds on it
• There are four primary types of taste: sweet, salty, sour and bitter *THIS IS VERY LIKELY TO BE ON THE EXAM*
• MSG (monosodium glutamate) is a flavour enhancer found most frequently in Chinese food. Some people have an intolerance to it, which makes their taste bud activators really sensitive at first and then really insensitive so that they can't taste much. As Mr. Macaraeg would say the taste it like "wow wow wow and then nothing"

Sense of Smell

• Smell receptors in your nose are called olfactory receptors
• About 80-90% of what we "taste" actually comes from smell, which explains why when we're sick food tastes more dull than usual
• Olfactory cells are modified neurons, and each cell ends in a tuft of 5 cilia.
• Odor = aroma = smell

Here are some links to videos that deal with what we learned today:

How smell and taste are related

Sense of Taste

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ScribePost: March 22

hey girls! ... and Mr. Macaraeg

So today we actually did a few interesting things in class! We took that test, which gave us the chance to see if we were right or left brained. We later learned how this impacted our way of learning, and we were given tips on how to improve our studying using that information.

Left Brained: more orderly, literal, articulate and to the point.

-They are good at understanding directions and anything that is explicit and logical. They can have trouble comprehending emotions and abstract concepts, they can feel lost when things are not clear, doubting anything that is not stated and proven.

Right Brained: more visual and intuitive.

- They are better at summarizing multiple points, picking up on what's not said, visualizing things, and making things up. They can lack attention to detail, directness, organization and the ability to explain their ideas verbally, leaving them unable to communicate effectively.

if you missed class today, you can take a similar test at http://similarminds.com/brain.html

Today in class we also took notes on special senses. This included sensory receptors, and sensations.

Sensory receptors are specialized cells that detect certain types of stimuli.

There are two types:

1. Interoceptors - receives stimuli from inside the body and are directly involved in homeostasis. (e.g. blood pressure, pH levels in blood etc.)

2. Exteroceptors - detect stimuli from the outside of the body and sends messages to the CNS to report changes in the environmental conditions. (e.g. taste, smell, hearing etc)

These 2 types can be further classified into:

1. Chemoreceptors - tongue (e.g. taste)

2. Photoreceptors - eyes (e.g. rods and cones in eyes for vision)

3. Mechanoreceptors - skin and ears (e.g. sound waves -> pressure of air)

4. Thermoreceptors - skin, temperature (e.g. heat, cold)

here are two websites that give a more visual representation for our senses.

1. http://www.mediaspin.com/fivesenses/

2. http://junior.edumedia-sciences.com/en/n119-the-5-senses-and-the-nervous-system

it really goes back to things we learned of as kids, however we can now learn more in depth of how these sensory receptors in our bodies work, and be able to further understand them.

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ScribePost: March 15

heyo, so today we didn't really cover too much, so I'll explain what stuck out to me best.

sort of quick review...
Nerves are bundles of axons
Ganglia are swellings associated with nerves that contain cell bodies

now there are two kinds of nerves, Cranial Nerves and Spinal Nerves. at this point mr. mac explained one of my life long questions- how exactly does brain freeze occur? the secret is in the Cranial Nerves, which are attached to the brain and are either sensory or motor. when we drink a freezing cold beverage, these nerves send crazy little messages up to the brain. and since they are related to the face, neck and head as well, we experience discomfort.

some other stuff that I organized nicely in my notes came out looking like this:

Peripheral Nervous System
......./ ...............................\
.Somatic................ Autonomic
(reflexes) ...........((homeostatic)
............................/.......................\
..................sympathetic .......parasympathetic
.................((fight/flight) .........(rest and digest)


for me I just find that it's easier to understand the divisions and subdivisions of things when they're organized like this- hope it helps you guys also!

ok. so all of this is great and all but the thing that I think I will most likely remember from today's lesson is that something as beautitful as this (http://2aday.files.wordpress.com/2007/05/slurpee.jpg) could cause me such pain, and that the answer to this lies in the Cranial Nerves.

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